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- <text id=91TT0538>
- <title>
- Mar. 11, 1991: Rebuilding A Ravaged Nation
- </title>
- <history>
- TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1991
- Mar. 11, 1991 Kuwait City:Feb. 27, 1991
- </history>
- <article>
- <source>Time Magazine</source>
- <hdr>
- THE GULF WAR, Page 42
- THE DEVASTATION
- Rebuilding a Ravaged Nation
- </hdr><body>
- <p>U.S. firms lead in the drive to put Kuwait back together--a
- task that will consume more time and money than did the
- pillaging it aims to repair
- </p>
- <p>By John Greenwald--Reported by William McWhirter/Chicago and
- Richard Woodbury/Houston, with other bureaus
- </p>
- <p> Now that the guns have fallen silent, the pounding of
- jackhammers will soon replace the din of war. At $200 billion
- or more over the next 10 years, the price of rebuilding ravaged
- Kuwait seems certain to dwarf the $50 billion or so that it
- took to liberate the oil-rich country. With that much money at
- stake, companies around the world began battles of their own
- long before the shooting war ended, fighting over contracts for
- everything from hospitals to refineries in one of history's
- largest reconstruction jobs. "This provides an almost unlimited
- backlog of good, profitable work," says John Dosher, a Houston
- energy consultant. "It's a potential gold mine."
- </p>
- <p> So far, U.S. firms have prevailed as decisively as American
- troops did on the battlefield. Conspicuously absent from the
- fray: bidders from Japan and Germany, whose soldiers stayed
- home from the fighting. Huddled in hotel rooms in Saudi Arabia
- with officials of Kuwait's government-in-exile, executives of
- U.S. companies have won 70% of initial awards for emergency
- services during the first three months of rebuilding. Such
- tasks as putting out oil fires and restoring water and power
- to blasted buildings could cost more than $500 million during
- this period. As part of the effort, Kuwait awarded the U.S.
- Army Corps of Engineers $46 million to help assess the damage
- and lay the groundwork for reconstruction.
- </p>
- <p> The real money will go to the giant construction and
- oil-service firms that will rebuild Kuwait's shattered
- petroleum industry. Bechtel Group, based in San Francisco,
- recently signed a $150 million letter of intent to manage the
- mammoth task, a job that analysts say could bring the company
- $6 billion in revenue over the next few years. Bechtel, which
- has operated in Kuwait for more than 40 years, is gearing up
- to hire 4,300 workers for the project. Other U.S. heavyweights
- likely to land big contracts include Fluor, based in
- California, a leader in petroleum projects, and Halliburton, a
- Dallas firm that built a major Kuwaiti oil refinery.
- </p>
- <p> No one will have much oil to refine until fire fighters
- extinguish the Iraqi-set blazes that raged last week through
- more than 500 of Kuwait's 1,000 wells, blackening the country's
- sky. It will require millions of gallons of water and tons of
- dynamite and other explosives to snuff out the flames. "It's
- one gigantic mess," says Red Adair, whose Houston company is
- one of four Texas firms engaged in the effort. "No one knows
- what we're really in for. I've never seen anything like this
- before in my life." Experts say dousing the fires and restoring
- the fields could cost up to $15 billion over the next five
- years. Plenty of U.S. oil-field companies like the sound of
- that. "The phone's been ringing off the hook with people
- looking for work," says T.B. O'Brien, president of the
- oil-field engineering firm O'Brien Goins Simpson, which is
- coordinating the fire-fighting campaign.
- </p>
- <p> U.S. companies are receiving vigorous help from Washington.
- For months the Bush Administration has been urging Kuwait to
- give Americans a leading role in rebuilding the country. Says
- an insider whose Midwestern firm is part of the
- reconstruction's first phase: "Bush wanted to be sure that
- every initiative was made to secure a substantial share of
- business for the U.S."
- </p>
- <p> Kuwait makes no secret of its gratitude to the Yanks. Sheik
- Saud Nasir al-Sabah, Kuwait's ambassador to the U.S., outlined
- his country's policy in a January letter to Republican
- Representative Helen Bentley of Maryland. He said Kuwait
- planned "to award the largest proportion of contracts to U.S.
- companies, in recognition of the immense sacrifice the people
- of the United States are making in the liberation of Kuwait."
- </p>
- <p> Other countries are struggling to claim a share of the
- profits. British Foreign Secretary Douglas Hurd journeyed last
- month to meet with Kuwait's government-in-exile and seek
- postwar business. "The Crown Prince has said he will look
- favorably on Kuwait's supporters," says John Lace, managing
- director of Britain's Babcock Energy, which builds power
- plants. "So we are second in the queue." As if to confirm that,
- Kuwait last week awarded Britain's Attwoods PLC $1 billion to
- clear the war's rubble and debris.
- </p>
- <p> French firms have had less luck--not one has clinched a
- major Kuwaiti award, French officials say. Many companies are
- waiting to join a trade mission to Kuwait before pressing their
- bids. "We have wrongly told ourselves that our policies toward
- Kuwait have been too ambiguous and too varied for our companies
- to win contracts," says Antoine Jeancourt-Galignani, chairman
- of Banque Indosuez, based in Paris. He says Kuwaiti officials
- have assured him that "Kuwait finds France a solid ally and is
- prepared to give business to all the coalition members." Just
- not yet.
- </p>
- <p> Kuwait's Arab neighbors in the multinational force have
- fared better. Saudi Arabia has furnished $80 million of
- emergency food supplies and is bidding on contracts for cement
- and other building materials. Egypt expects to provide much of
- the labor to rebuild Kuwait. Workers there before the invasion
- were largely Egyptians, Palestinians and Yemenites, but the
- last two groups supported Saddam and won't be welcome for a
- long time. So the 400,000 Egyptians who fled after the invasion
- will probably stream back, followed by many compatriots.
- </p>
- <p> To absorb the first blow of expenses, Kuwait will borrow
- money and sell part of its $300 billion of foreign holdings.
- Then it needs to get oil flowing again as fast as possible,
- because the bills aren't going to let up. Destroying Kuwait
- took just seven months for Saddam's occupying forces.
- Rebuilding it could take an army of globe-straddling companies
- until the next century.
- </p>
-
- </body></article>
- </text>
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